Essay on Communism - 809 Words

In the beginning Communism seemed to the people of Russia as a utopian ideal. The promise of the elimination of classes, of guaranteed employment, quot;The creation of a comprehensive social security and welfare system for all citizens that would end the misery of workers once and for all.quot; Lenins own interpretation of the Marxian critique was that to achieve Communism there would first have to be a socialist dictatorship to first suppress any dissent or protest. Through coercive tactics this new government seized power and in 1917 Lenin came to power. Under his quot;rulequot; Russia underwent radical changes in its economic doctrines adopting a mixed which was termed the New Economic Policy, also referred to as NEP. This†¦show more content†¦Lenin believed that Trotsky was the best suitable to take the Communist party to the next level. Trotsky was not all that popular among party members though and Stalin was in a position as Gen Sek, or General Secretary, to place his people in powerful positions throughout the party. Also, Stalin worked extremely hard at achieving power whereas Trotsky was rather lazy. Because of these reasons along with Stalins quot;zero tolerancequot; attitude towards everyone, he was able to seize control. Once in control, Stalins first major achievements were the Five Year Plans for industry. Russia had not yet had their industrial revolution and were far behind the other powers of the world. The first Five Year Plan worked as far as industrial output was concerned, but it was at much cost to the people of Russia. Once the Five Year Plans started to roll, Stalin decided to make some agricultural changes to support the industrialization. In April, 1928, Stalin presented the draft of a new land law. Although the draft failed to become a law, it showed a couple of Stalins objectives. One was the rapid and forcible collectivization of the peasants in order to industrialize the country quickly. The other was the liquidation of the kulaks as a class. Kulaks were seen as industrious or prosperous peasants who were not enthusiastic about the policies of the communist party. Collectivization was the forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms intoShow MoreRelatedCommunism : Communism And Communism1674 Words   |  7 PagesMarx understanding of society shift into modernism lead to develop a form of communism that would come to be known as Marxism, communism is the economic thought of Marxism. Marx understands that Modernism calls for society to embrace equality for the betterment of society. Part of the problem with Capitalism comes from its exploitation of the working class; Marx understands this problem to be a vein of Pre-modernism and not a pillar of Modernism. Marx calls for the working class to rise up over theirRead MoreCommunism : Communism And Capitalism1237 Words   |  5 PagesUnion, but in reality it was a struggle between two, distinct ideologies: Communism and Capitalism. Communism was supposed to be the scepter against all the evils that the old world contained. The people of the world would be freed from the oppressive chains resu lting from the few in power, and be lifted from the brutal, unfair world of capitalism. Millions of people across the world saw the enticing, heavenly lure of communism and seized the opportunity to revolutionize their communities. To the millionsRead MoreThe Failure Of Communism And Communism965 Words   |  4 PagesHIST-130.10 22 April 2015 1. Discuss the seeming failure of communism and other forms of socialism and the apparent triumph of capitalism in the 1990s, as well as considering capitalism’s possible benefits and debits in the early twenty-first century. Capitalism and Communism have both been put forth as the best models for modern enlightened societies. Each philosophy contains both desirable and undesirable elements within its framework. Communism is based on a firm belief that fiscal and social equalityRead MoreContrast Communism And Communism1408 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism and Communism, two ends of a spectrum, two ideologies that people have long seen as being diametrically opposed to each other. Though these aforementioned philosophies have some truths in them, they are not completely consistent with facts. Communism is often flagrantly misunderstood in America; it brings up images of the communist programs in Russia, Cuba, and China, of ruthless dictators, forced workmanship, and long ration lines, though these images are propaganda based and misconstructionsRead MoreCommunism And Communism Essay834 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical ideologies. To this day in China, the government organizes themselves under the Communis t party. Communism is, in theory, a classless society in which all wealth and property are owned by the community as a whole, although in reality, there are few variations of this definition as every society is different. Every building and plot of land is owned by the community. The true goal of communism is to have a society without rulers, but Mao Zedong forged his own path and abandoned this principleRead MoreCapitalism And Communism : Communism Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism Communism Communism The theory of communism was designed by German Philosopher Karl Marx. In 1848, he wrote a book of his ideals known as The Communist Manifesto, which later served as the inspiration for the formation of the Communist Party. Communism is also known as Marxism. Marx believed that an ideal society must be classless as well as stateless. His main idea and aim +was simple- to allow the poor a fighting chance and free the lower class from poverty. In order to extricateRead MoreCommunism And Capitalism And Communism Essay2038 Words   |  9 Pagespositions in a society and help create a-well organized state of a social landscape, targeting one thing; an ideal society. Regardless of any reviewed ideology, this paper discusses two of which have been so controversial; Communism and Capitalism. In political and social, communism is a social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and theRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Communism And Communism1266 Words   |  6 PagesCreative Writing 1 5 May 2015 Capitalism vs Communism Throughout history, people have tested many different political systems have a better society. The most common political systems that people have tested are monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, aristocracy and democracy. I will talk about capitalism and communism in this research paper. Both those systems are created to change the economic situation. There have been a huge debate about Capitalism vs Communism. Throughout this research paper, I am goingRead MoreMarxism and Communism Christian Communism4953 Words   |  20 PagesIntroduction Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society.Karl Marx, the father of communist thought, posited that communism would be the final stage in society, which would be achieved through a proletarian revolution and only possible after a socialist stage develops the productive forces, leading to a superabundance of goods and servicesRead MoreSimilarities Between Communism And Communism1266 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical compass are communism and fascism. Throughout history governments implementing these political theories have clashed and considered each other enemies. However, both theories share a surprising amount of common ground in their basic ideology. Fascism and communism although being supposed opposites have many commonalities in their ideologies for class systems, governmental control, and religion in government. One major appeal to the masses which fascism and communism both championed is their

Presentation of Marlene, Top Girls in Comparison to the...

The main themes in both Top Girls and The Handmaid’s Tale are feminism, politics and women’s role in society. Top Girls is based on social realism and political drama. Churchill once said â€Å"Playwrights don’t give answers, they ask questions†.[1] It could be said that Churchill is asking the audience to acknowledge how much a woman has to sacrifice in order to succeed in the stereotypically male dominant workplace. However, it could also be said that she could be asking the audience to acknowledge how career power is perceived as a male trait and therefore successful career women have to adopt male attitudes. The Handmaid’s Tale, however, is a dystopian novel. Ostensibly it is a critique of a patriarchal society or it could also be said to†¦show more content†¦Serena Joy’s character in ‘The Handmaids Tale’ is also a very strong woman and fights for what she believes in – being an anti-feminist – and uses her success to persuade others to believe in what she believes in. However, where Marlene’s character and her feminist views believe women do not need men and their place in society should be equal to men, Serena’s character’s anti feminist views encourage her to encourage others to return into a patriarchal society where a woman’s place is in the home caring for the children, completing household chores and tending to the husbands needs and maintains that the woman’s role is to say in the house. Marlene and Serena Joy are both often seen to be victims of their own success. By this it is meant that they sacrificed certain aspects of their lives in order to achieve in another. For Marlene, this meant her sacrificing her family and intimate relationships. The audience may be shocked that Marlene could be ruthless enough to give up the child she carried and brought into the world, because Churchill does not allow Marlene to demonstrate sentimentality in respect of Angie. Motherhood seems to be a commodity and it is not until near the end of the play in a conversation with her sister, it almost seems that Marlene regrets putting her child into her sister’s care. This is shown when she says, â€Å"you couldn’t have one so you took mine†. This could be interpreted that Marlene resents Joyce for sticking by Angie and

Project Management Operations of Large Assets

Question: Discuss about the Project Management for Operators of Large Assets. Answer: Learning outcomes of the course Description of topics including reading samples Learnings from your experience Supporting documentation including your prior learning Project Management for Operators of Large Assets Governance Dispute Management Efficiency Decision Making The lectures of week nine (9) discussed the Project Management procedures for Operators of Large Assets.' The aim of these lectures is to realize the disruptions contingencies before they occur and resolve them within the existing framework to avoid legal issues. Hence the contracts should be well thought to prevent such situation which will in turn help in better governance, decision making, efficiency and finally the quality of the work. Kerzner (2013) Campbell Jardine and McGlynn (2016) Reason (2016) Sears et al., (2015) The lectures that were taken in week two has to help me realize the importance of the documentation that doesn't only help in better governance, efficiency, and decision making but also helps in fending the various disputes that might arise during the implementation of the project. The various articles and the documents that were provided during the course of time have also helped us in understanding the various risks and dispute contingencies and their mitigation techniques for their resolution. The disputes that arise in the system can be segmented into four categories, which are: Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration, and Litigation. The critical part of disputes is the documentation; hence the documents regarding the project should always be updated throughout. The sources have also helped me to understand that the best practice to avoid such situation is to resolve it at their initial phase which saves both the time and money for the system. Hence a dispute should always be resol ved through mediation and conciliation as these processes of settling disputes is far cheaper and time-saving as compared to the other processes which are arbitration and litigation. In the case of failure of the above process, arbitration in the presence of a third party should be next option, as litigation is the costliest of all the available processes. Contingency analysis for risk management should be given the utmost importance, and the manager should take preventive steps to avoid the situation or should negotiate to reduce the impact to the system. The continuous monitoring will help in reducing the overrun costs. The managers should also give due importance to communication with the stakeholders which will help in reduce the impact of disputes. The risks to the system should be analyzed as early as possible, and the tender should be framed a way to avoid the risk altogether. It should also be borne in mind that the tender wouldnt act as a deterrent as loopholes can be found to counteract the terms. For mitigation of such a situation, an oversight system should be established, by appointing staffs or advisor, constant vigil upon the contractor and assurance policies. The assurance policies could be an internal contract, sticking to the obligations and identification of the potential. The major reason of the disputes is cost overrun, and the poor estimation is a major reason behind such overruns. The other minor reasons could be the confusion in the tender or between people. But it has been seen that the disputes are due to various contributing reasons like political, misunderstanding, etc. Hence it is highly recommended that the full monetary picture, good documentation, and the reputation of the should be taken in mind befo re jumping into any decision. Classroom learning Classroom Documentations Samples for realizing portfolio Papers available on the internet Reading Samples Videos Self-assessment Discussions References Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Campbell, J.D., Jardine, A.K. and McGlynn, J. eds., 2016.Asset management excellence: optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions. CRC Press. Reason, J., 2016.Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge. Sears, S.K., Sears, G.A., Clough, R.H., Rounds, J.L. and Segner, R.O., 2015.Construction project management. John Wiley Sons.

Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance - Sample Solution

Question: Discuss about the Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction: According to Aziri (2011), Job satisfaction refers to the general expression of the positive attitude of workers built up towards their jobs. It involves a combination of environmental, physiological and psychological circumstances that make a person say he or she is satisfied with his or her job. Even though job satisfaction is affected by different external factors, it is majorly determined by what a person feels inside himself or herself about the job position. Workers develop and maintain an attitude towards their jobs based on the characteristics of their job, the social status that the job brings to them and the experience that the job environment presents to them. At times, someone may develop a negative attitude towards a job, but if characteristics of the job, the economic beliefs, and the expectations that the employee hoped for are incorporated in the job, in the desirable method that the employee desires, then job satisfaction is achieved. Additionally, if the job satisfies the psychological and security needs of the employee and the effects of the job affect the feeling of the employee positively, then they attain job satisfaction in their present job. Job satisfaction can best be explained using Lawlers theory; Which explains job satisfaction in four conditions, the fulfillment theory, the discrepancy theory, the equality theory, and the two factor-factor theory. The fulfillment theory regards reaching what someone wanted, which is what job satisfaction is about. On the other hand, discrepancy theory is all about difference, contradiction, and conflict, meaning that job fulfillment is achieved when there is no conflict, contradiction, and difference. The equity theory, on the other hand, regards the presence of equality, of which a worker looks for in a workplace. Finally, the four-factor theory talks about the elements of fulfillment, of which negative factors include things like low wages, harassment, and other factors, while the contrary will initiate job satisfaction (Celik, 2011). Impacts of Job Satisfaction on Organizational Performance Job satisfaction is an important aspect that influences the success of an organization. The level of satisfaction of the employees determines their behavior in the organization. The usual implication is always that a satisfied worker is always a productive worker. If the employees were satisfied with the services that they get from the organization, they would develop a conducive environment so that the company performs better. If the employees are not satisfied, then the opposite will happen, the organization will perform poorly. Satisfied employees will do their work efficiently, leading to higher returns, knowing that their needs are addressed. Employees who are satisfied will be committed to their work. The result will be that the employees will attend work on regular basis, and in time, creating more time for productivity. Job satisfaction increases trust among members of the company, and its partners, making it possible to register quality results. Besides, cases of criminal activities within the organization will not be present, making it possible for the organization to avoid possible losses. Retention of employees is also of the impacts that job satisfaction has on a company. The longer an employee stays with a company, the more the employee can gain experience, therefore being able to deliver better services to the company, while at the same time building trust among other stakeholders (Latif et al., 2013) How managers can increase job satisfaction First, managers can increase employee providing a positive working environment. The manager needs to identify what impresses people and ensure they get it. A motivating environment requires that the manager goes beyond his normal duty, to address the needs and grievances of the employees. A good example of a company that has managed to provide a positive working environment is Disney World Company. Employee assistance is all from the pack, providing services like bus passes, check cashing, money order, childcare and discount programs (Canrinus, 2012). Secondly, the managers must reward and recognize excellent performance. Recognition of a person for what he or she has done is an important tool towards motivating a person to do better next time. For example, the CEO of Rackspace Managed Holdings, Graham Weston, offers that his top performing employee his luxurious vehicle for a one week (Danish Usman, 2010). The third way that managers can promote job satisfaction is by designing an evaluation and measurement plan for evaluating and measuring the level of job satisfaction. A manager can now determine an effective plan to increase job satisfaction by weighing the situation once the level of satisfaction is determined (Judge et al., 2010). Management Practices that May Influence Job Satisfaction The first management that affects the job satisfaction is Bureaucratic management practices. It refers to a component of the formal organization that utilizes rules and hierarchical ranking to influence productivity in the organization. In the context of bureaucratic management practices, employees are supposed to follow specific rules and are reprimanded to comply with what the organization wants. But a human being is known to resist any force that is exerted on their side, so they would demotivate by such reprimanding, hence making job satisfaction not to flourish (Maleka Rankhumise, 2014). The appointment practice of company may also affect the level of job satisfaction in a company. A company that appoints members basing on their performance is encouraging job satisfaction amongst its employees. Employees will work to achieve better results, therefore secure a position at the top of the company. This practice is present with many flourishing companies. A good example is the AMCO company, where the next CEO is always appointed from the employees, basing on their experience in the company, and their productivity (Klassen Chiu, 2010). Reasons why organizations might encourage or discourage this behavior According to Van Dierendonck (2011), the business and leadership dynamics have changed to a greater extent, and it is no longer just enough jobs to employees. Employees need motivation as they carry out their activities in the company. Therefore bureaucratic management practice has to be discouraged in companies because they make employees feel humiliated and not valued in the company. On the other hand, employees need engagement in conversations about matters that affect them, so that they feel adequately involved in the company management. Secondly, the method of appointment, where members are appointed on another basis, rather than employee productivity and experience should be discouraged because it makes employees feel there is no need to work hard since it is not considered. Alternatively, the companies should make an appointment based on the performance o employee because it encourages them to perform better (Card et al., 2012). I the case of AMCO company, it had to change its appointment method from hierarchical to based on productivity, making it register better performance and better job satisfaction for its employees. Conclusion This paper discusses the meaning of job satisfaction from a practical and theoretical perspective. The concept of job satisfaction can be summarized as an employee having a good attitude towards his or her job. It is important for improvement of company productivity since an employee that is satisfied will yield better performance. Managers can increase job satisfaction by, rewarding employees, providing a positive environment, and developing an evaluation plan. The biggest hindrance to job satisfaction is bureaucracy in the company. It can be rectified by implementing servant leadership, and appointment plan based on performance. References Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction: A literature review. Management research and practice, 3(4), 77-86. Canrinus, E. T., Helms-Lorenz, M., Beijaard, D., Buitink, J., Hofman, A. (2012). Self-efficacy, job satisfaction, motivation and commitment: exploring the relationships between indicators of teachers professional identity. European journal of psychology of education, 27(1), 115-132. Card, D., Mas, A., Moretti, E., Saez, E. (2012). Inequality at work: The effect of peer salaries on job satisfaction. The American Economic Review, 102(6), 2981-3003. Celik, M. (2011). A theoretical approach to the job satisfaction. Polish journal of management studies, 4, 7-14. Danish, R. Q., Usman, A. (2010). Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan. International journal of business and management, 5(2), 159. Judge, T. A., Piccolo, R. F., Podsakoff, N. P., Shaw, J. C., Rich, B. L. (2010). The relationship between pay and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis of the literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 157-167. Klassen, R. M., Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers' self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of educational Psychology, 102(3), 741. Latif, M. S., Ahmad, M., Qasim, M., Mushtaq, M., Ferdoos, A., Naeem, H. (2013). Impact of employees job satisfaction on organizational performance. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(5), 166-171. Maleka, M. J., Rankhumise, E. M. (2014). The impact of management practices on job satisfaction: insights from a state-owned institution. Problem and perspectives in management, 12(4), 476-484. Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of management, 37(4), 1228-1261.

Malignant Hyperthermia free essay sample

Clinical signs are; Increased end tidal CO2 production which is an early sign, tachycardia, tachypnea, trunk or total body rigidity, masseter (jaw) muscle rigidity after succinylcholine which occurs commonly in children, marked temperature elevation (maybe a late sign), respiratory and metabolic acidosis, myoglobinuria(MHAUS, 2011). If left untreated the patient will experience cardiac arrest, kidney failure, blood coagulation problems, internal hemorrhage, and possibly death (slideshare, 2010) Nursing Assessment Nurses taking care of surgical patients must be knowledgeable regarding MH so they can identify clinical signs and symptoms early on, its emergent treatment, and be able to respond promptly and appropriately. Preoperative assessment by nurses are crucial in identifying the patient, who could be at high risk for Malignant Hyperthermia, so MH triggering agents can be avoided during anesthesia. Example of questions to ask to help screen for MH susceptibility are (AORN 2012): 1. Has anyone ever told you that you had a â€Å"bad† reaction to anesthesia? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Malignant Hyperthermia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Has anyone ever told you that you or your family member had a problem with anesthesia? . Have you or a family member experienced a high fever while under anesthesia? 4. Has anyone ever told you or a family member they had a difficult time opening your jaw during general anesthetic? 5. Has anyone in your family died unexpectedly in the operating room? 6. Have you or anyone in your family experienced sunstroke or heat stroke resulting in hospitalization? 7. Have you ever noticed dark â€Å"cola-colored† urine after a general anesthetic or after experiencing a heat-related illness? Treating MH Dantrolene IV is the only drug available in the market to treat Malignant Hyperthermia. It is difficult to mix and is time consuming to reconstitute. It comes in yellowish colored powder that when fully mix with non-bacteriostatic sterile water, the color stays the same. The new brand Dantrium IV (dantrolene sodium for injection) mixes in just 20 seconds (MHAUS, 2011). However, this is not what we have stocked in our cart. According to MHAUS (2011), dantrolene suppresses the exaggerated rise in muscle cell calcium that seems to trigger MH by binding to the calcium channel site in muscle that is responsible both for calcium release and, likely, calcium entry into the cell. Dantrolene may cause significant muscle weakness in patients with preexisting muscle disease and should be used with extreme caution in those patients. When used with calcium channel blockers (verapamil or diltiazem), dantrolene may produce life-threatening hyperkalemia and myocardial depression. Once a patient has been successfully treated for 36 hours with intravenous dantrolene, he/she may be switched to oral dantrolene until the CK or Creatine Kinase level is trending down and there is no further evidence of acidosis or hypermetabolism and temperature spikes. A recommended 36 vials be stocked. Treating Malignant Hyperthermia crisis is a complex nature, and it involves several staff members. The first thing to do in the event of suspected MH crisis is to recruit extra staff. The following steps are outline by role (MHAUS, 2011): The surgeon should stop or complete the procedure as soon as possible. The anesthesia provider stops inhalation agents; stops warming blanket; increase minute ventilation; inserts esophageal temp probe; inserts NG tube for lavage as needed; administers dantrolene IV; inserts an arterial line; draws blood for chemistry, ck, coagulation, ABG. If peaked T waves on ECG, administers calcium then glucose and insulin. If T waves are not peaked and arrhythmia present, injects bicarbonate. The circulating nurse brings in MH cart; mixes dantrolene based on 2. 5 mg/kg with 60 ml of non-bacteriostatic sterile water, repeat dose until the signs are controlled. The circulating nurse should document the event. A second nurse assist in mixing dantrolene and hands syringe to anesthesia provider. A third nurse brings in emergency crash cart; places urinary catheter; assist in drawing blood or with other task. A fourth nurse brings in plastic bags with ice and cold IV fluids; places ice bags on exposed parts like groin, axilla, and neck (without compromising sterility); iced saline lavage of any open body cavities such as the stomach, bladder, or rectum. Cold I. V. fluids are administered using 0. 9% sodium chloride, but Lactated Ringer’s is avoided so that acidosis is not worsened (Martin, 2009). Stop cooling measures when temperature falls to 38 °C (MHAUS, 2011). A laminated copy of MHAUS dantrolene dosage chart is located on top of MH cart to minimize precious time wasted in calculating dosage per kilogram. As soon as patient is stabilized, transfer patient to ICU or call transfer center for an emergent transfer to UH Case SICU or ED. Knowing your Role All staff involved in the MH crisis response should conduct a debriefing meeting as early as possible. Points to consider including (AORN, 2012): 8. Was the MH cart adequately stocked and immediately available? 9. Were enough staff members available to manage the crisis effectively? 10. When staff members responded, were they familiar with task expected in MH crisis? 11. Was MHAUS appropriately notified? 12. Do staff members have other ideas about planning care for a future MH crisis? 3. Has a root-cause analysis been done (MH is considered a sentinel event)? Staff Competency By using the mannequin as our patient, and mixing the expired dantrolene from MHAUS, perioperative staff did fairly well during the MH mock drill simulation by following thru with the expected roles. MH drill should be held at least quarterly to help perioperative st aff practice early recognition of MH crisis and how to act accordingly. MH drill also improve OR (operating room) team coordination and provides opportunities to serve in each of the four roles mentioned (Martin, 2009). Prevention Early detection of clinical signs and symptoms of MH, knowing your role and a prompt response to this emergent crisis can save your patient’s life. MH crisis prevention is the key and the best treatment you can provide to your patient. Knowledge about MH is a must for nurses taking care of a patient before, during and after operative care. Armed with this knowledge, you can make a difference in your patient’s lives.

indias earthquake essays

indias earthquake essays Residents in the Gujarat State of western India spent the night outside Friday, too fearful to go back into their damaged homes after India's most powerful earthquake in half a century. The 7.9 magnitude earthquake killed as many as 2,000, injured at least 2,000, and left 4,000 missing. Most of the missing are thought to be buried under rubble, and rescue workers dug frantically with bulldozers, shovels, sticks even bare hands trying to find them. "The earthquake is a calamity of national magnitude," said Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee, who planned a trip to the area to survey damage. "We have decided to meet the emergency on a war footing," he said. "This is the time for people to rally around." The temblor shook high-rise towers 600 miles away in the capital, New Delhi. The quake could be felt as far as 1,200 miles away in Calcutta and coastal Bangladesh. The quake struck at 8:46 a.m. as many cities were beginning celebrations for India's 51st Republic Day, which commemorates the adoption of the country's constitution. In Ahmadabad, Gujarat's commercial capital and a sprawling city of 4.5 million, helmeted rescue workers used iron rods to pry slabs of concrete and metal, searching for survivors. Women wept and rocked back and forth, watching as the few available bulldozers and cranes pushed through the piles of stone that once had housed families and shops. Beds, children's toys and clothes lay abandoned in the debris, lamp posts and electric pylons were twisted and many buildings were left leaning precariously. After night fell, with temperatures at 55 degrees, survivors spread blankets and huddled around campfires. "There is a great panic among the people and they have spilled out onto the streets," said Haren Panya, home minister of Gujarat. Because of the aftershocks, "We have asked people to move out of old buildings." Corpses were piled up on the verandah of the N.S. Hospital,...

Policy of Hong Kong in Healthcare System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Policy of Hong Kong in Healthcare System - Essay Example The paper presents that in the era of globalization and advanced technical knowhow countries are making significant reforms in their various sectors. In such a respect Hong Kong is also not left behind. The country has made a number of alterations within the healthcare sector. The reforms have been directed towards providing better health care services to the country’s citizens. The Department of Health is entrusted with framing policies for country’s healthcare care services and also to facilitate efficient allocation of resources. It has implemented new policies and modified existing policies. Several modifications have been made in healthcare practices and management. New pricing policy has been introduced in Hong Kong healthcare sector. The country in 2002 has introduced charges for patients who are admitted in hospitals under emergency situation or after meeting with an accident. The reforms have lead to noticeable reduction in death rates and increased life expect ancies. Better treatment is available from efficient health care professionals at a considerably low cost. Keeping this at the backdrop the current paper tends to present a critical review of the pricing policy that has been implemented for the health care system of Hong Kong. The public hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong receive a good amount of subsidies from the government so as to provide medical treatment to the citizens at the lowest possible cost. The government despite such high quality medical care has imposed low rates of taxes. However government is expected to bear the burden of expensive medical facilities which is likely to increase in the upcoming years. The estimates have shown a continuous increase in governmental expenditure for health care (Development and Financing of Hong Kong’s Future Health Care, 2007). Pricing Policy of Hong Kong Healthcare System Health care services in Hong Kong are considered to be a mixed one. The public sector has taken up the res ponsibility to give 92 percent of the hospital services. About 85 percent of primary care is provided by the private sector. Most people approach public hospitals for complex diseases in Hong Kong mainly due to the low cost of treatment (Fitzner, Coughlin, Timori and Bennett, 2000). The fees charged by public health care institutions in Hong Kong are very much less compared to other countries. Government has imposed strict regulations on these public sector fees. However patients have a hard time trying to get to the physician. The healthcare system is very time consuming. Patients have to pay a high cost in terms of inconvenience and time consuming treatment. Physicians often send their patients to emergency department in order to get a simple diagnostic test done. The emergency department remains filled with such patients depriving the actual needy ones from proper treatment (Hay, 1992, pp.35-36). However medical treatment for diseases like tuberculosis is performed free of cost. However to make such a low cost medical system sustainable for the country is a major challenge before the government (Hong Kong (China), 2010). It is becoming increasingly difficult for the government to meet the expenses of such low cost medical treatment. Recent economic predictions have shown increase in tax rates to finance healthcare needs. Such a pricing policy under health care system have made even the richer sections rush to public hospitals for treatment. The demand for such health care facilities has been continuously growing (Hay, 1992, p.51). Clearly Hong Kong has adopted a non- interventional for its public healthcare system. The pricing policy was aimed at providing medical facilities to those sections of population that cannot afford medical treatment elsewhere. Reforms have also been made in the structure of funds in Hong Kong to adopt such